# Glossary for Fractal and Vertisan DeFi ## (numbers) ### 100-Year Problem The theoretical problem of designing technology or systems that can continue to be effective and perform comparably for the next 100 years, regardless of technological progress. ### 2048-Bit Encryption See Vecton Encryption ### 4096-Bit Encryption See Vecton Encryption ## A   ### Amoebization   The act of self-dissecting a Fractal   ### Amoebized Fractal   The resulting new Fractal after amoebization   ### Antecedent   One that comes before   ### Apex Node   One of the primary backbone nodes in a consortium   ### API   Application Programming Interface: A set of functions and procedures allowing the creation of applications that access the features or data of an operating system, application, or other service.   ### ARDb   Augmented Relational Database   ### ARDbE Augmented Relational Database Engine ### Asynchronous   Allowing multiple operations to happen at the same time: a form of computer control timing protocol in which a specific operation begins upon receipt of an indication (signal) that the preceding operation has been completed.   ### Augmented Relational Database   Augmented Relational Database   ### Authenticator Card   A credit card sized symbiotic card that comes with Vertisan Gold, which provides secure authentication and authorization by NFC.   ### Authoritative Hive   The logical hive which has current authoritative control of transaction execution for a curve ## B ### Base32   ### Base128   ### Base256   ### Beacon Cluster The cluster that serves as the keystone/lighthouse ### BiHex Base32 numbering system used by Vertisan and Fractal. NOTE: The Latin character set used by BiHex is case-insensitive to ensure compatibility between unknown systems. {0123456789ABCDEFGHJKMNPQRSTVWXYZ} ### Biometrics The automated recognition of individuals by means of unique physical characteristics for the purpose of identity verification and authorization. Fingerprint recognition is an example of biometrics supported by Fractal ### Blacklist A blocked list of entities which are forbidden from an ecosystem ### Burned   ### Business Intelligence Fractal support for Business Intelligence features ### Byzantine Fault Tolerance The ability of a system to continue operating even if some of the nodes fail or act maliciously ## C ### Carbon Card The base Vertisan Card used for purchasing goods or services, powered by Vertisan DeFi financial instruments ### CAS Centralized Authentication (and authorization) Service ### Century Tech The Vertisan DeFi ecosystem, and fractal technology are architected against technological obsolescence, such as quantum computing, cryptography, and artificial intelligence advancements perceivable in the next hundred years. ### Cipher A secret or disguised way of writing content in order to obfuscate the original meaning ### Circulating Supply The number of tokens or coins that are publicly available and circulating in the market ### Clone The replication process of Particles that creates a new particle that is genetically identical to the original ### Cluster   ### Collective A fault tolerant custody chain of worker hives ### Coloring The process of exchanging digital assets of a particular denomination for one or multiple assets of other denominations, with the same overall total value. ### Computational Graph See [[#Neural Network]] architecture ### Computational Unit See Hive Computational Unit ### Connecting (Particle) Particle construction step 6: The attachment of the completed particle to the 7-dimensional data lattice for online transaction processing ### Consensus A general agreement ### Consistency (distributed systems) See [this article](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/consistency-model-in-distributed-system/) for information about consistence models in distributed systems ### Consortium A group of entities working together towards a common goal ### Cryptocase An intelligent storage container for digital assets ### Cryptocase Partition A logical partition within a Cryptocase to hold various types of digital assets. ### Cryptocurrency A digital currency in which transactions are verified and records maintained by a decentralized system using cryptography, rather than by a centralized authority ### Curator   ### Curve (Fractal) A multi-dimensional latticed collection of Fractal Segments ## D ### Daemon A background process that handles requests for services such as print spooling and file transfers, and is dormant when not required ### DApps Decentralized Applications ### Dark Energy (Fractal) Vertisan DeFi native cryptocurrency within Fractal that is the official tender for all transaction fees. Dark Energy implements the IFeeTender programming interface and follows the VFN-FT22 standard. ### Dark Matter (Fractal) Vertisan DeFi native fungible token digital asset within Fractal that is used specifically for conversion of Dark Energy into a tangible asset for trading and liquidity purposes. One Dark Matter Unit is Timestamp Tethered 1:1 with the US Dollar circa January 1, 2024. Dark Matter and Dark Energy follow the Law of Conservation of Energy... E=mc^2^ ### DAS Decentralized Authentication (and authorization) Service ### DASLE Entity A Decentralized Autonomous Sovereign Logical Entity. See [https://dasle.org](https://dasle.org) ### Data Object   ### Datastore A datastore is a repository for storing and managing data sets. ### DDHT Decentralized Distributed Hash Table ### DDRHT Decentralized Distributed Replicated Hash Table. Effectively, "Blockchain done right". ### DDQP Decentralized Distributed Query Processing ### Decentralized Controlled by several local authorities rather than one single, central authority ### Decorating (Particle) Particle construction step 5: The process of applying indexing information to a fused Particle ### Decorators Region of a Particle that contains indexing information ### DeFi Decentralized Finance ### Dependency Injection   ### Detached Assets   ### deu Dark Energy Unit ### Digest A compilation or summary of information. Also the output result of a hashing operation. ### Digital Asset A digital asset is anything that exists only in digital form and comes with a distinct usage right, or distinct permission for use, establishes ownership, and is discoverable. ### Dimension (Fractal) A relative, point-of-perception, collection of Segments and Particles within a Curve ### Disbanded   ### dmu Dark Matter Unit ### Document Database   ### Dodecahedron Any polyhedron with 12 flat surfaces ### DWORD A 10-bit BiHex (Base32) value consisting of two WORDs ## E ### Edge Computing   ### Escrow Partition   ### Eventual Consistency   ### Execution Scripts Persisted FraQL scripts for future and/or repeated processing ### Extensible A system that can be modified by changing or adding features. ## F ### FCR Fractal Credit Rating ### FCR Score   ### Federated Fractal Multiple Fractals working collectively for hyper-scale data ### FFVRP Feed-Forward Vector Routing Protocol ### Fiat Money Fiat Money is a type of money that is not backed by any commodity such as gold or silver, and typically declared by a decree from the government to be legal tender. ### Fingerprint Card Part of the Vertisan DeFi payment technologies. A CR80 card with a built-in fingerprint scanner providing the highest tier biometric security. ### FNS Fractal Name Services. The proprietary wide area network routing technology used by Fractal, which exists outside of conventional DNS and other Internet standards. ### Forming Engine   ### Fractal (mathematics) A fractal is an infinitely self-similar, iterated construct ### Fractal (Vertisan) The underlying distributed data processing and public ledger technology that executes and records transactions ### Fractal Studio The desktop and mobile application for management of Fractal network instances and data ### Fractalant A user of a Fractal ### Framing (Particle) Particle construction step 2: The construction of a Particle's dodecahedron armor ### FraQL Fractal Query Language, which has a similar syntax to SQL ### FSA Fractal Secured Asset. Any type of digital asset supported by Fractal, such as both NFTs and fungible tokens. ### Fuckery You all know what it is... and it never seems to stop, does it? Let's all collectively try to make the World a better place. ### Fungible Token Fungible Tokens are a type of cryptographic tokens that are identical and similar in nature and functionality. Two different fungible tokens serve the same purpose even when they are divided or exchanged with other fungible tokens of the same type. Fiat currencies or cryptocurrencies are the biggest instances of fungible tokens. ### Fusion (Particle) Particle construction step 4: The permanent etching of a Particle's 7-dimensional lattice structure ## G ### Gateway Bridge   ### General Relativity   ### gMass Gravitational Mass ### Graph Database   ### Graph Theory   ### Greeks (Options Greeks) Greeks refer to a set of calculations you can use to measure different factors that might affect the price of an options contract. With that information, you can make more informed decisions about which options to trade, and when to trade them. ### Guk Globally Unique Key ## H ### Hard-Money Currency that is backed by a tangible commodity such as gold, silver, platinum, or another immutable value store. Hard money has an intrinsic value and a stable exchange rate with other currencies. Hard Money is NOT fiat money. ### Hardware Wallet   ### Hashrate The rate at which cryptographic hashing is being executed (xxH/s) ### Hashtag A simple indexing methodology whereby a pound sign (#) is used as a prefix for a string of characters desired to be an index term ### Headless A Hive Worker that does not have a display or screen ### Hex (hexadecimal) Base16 numbering system ### Hive Computational Unit A consortium of Neurons that work collectively to implement the VeNNeM protocol and process transactions ### Hive Worker A Neuron which is a member of a Hive Computational Unit ### Hybrid Signing Key Curation The user-selectable preference of where cryptographic keys are stored for the authorization of transactions in Fractal ### Hyper-Scale A system that spans and exists globally, and possibly beyond. Fractal architecture is designed to be the basis for global scale payment processing and digital asset transactions. Unlimited fractals can coexist, and transactions across fractals are universal. Fractal can perform 100T transactions simultaneously. ## I ### IBISS   ### ICO Initial Coin Offering ### Immutable See Immutable Data ### Immutable Data Data that cannot be changed ### Inaccon A dioptic substrate that serves as the gatekeeper and bond between Particles ### Inadon Inadon is the officially recognized NFT marketplace for all token types that are part of the Vertisan DeFi ecosystem. ### INADON INADON is the network symbol for the Inadon NFT Marketplace tokenized equity digital asset classification ### Interfractal Happening between Fractals ### ITO Initial Token Offering ## J ### JSON JavaScript Object Notation. An open standard file format and data interchange format ## L ### Lattice An interlaced, 7-dimensional data structure within a Fractal ### Ledger Digital record of monetary transactions of persons or businesses, that are posted in the form of debits and credits. Example: Bitcoin ### Ledger Nano USB hardware wallet ### Liberty Dollar Decentralized, global hard-money architecture. Backed 1-to-1 in a fractal treasury, each Liberty dollar is a unique digital asset. A Bank-less, inflation proof, peer to peer hard money payment system that is truly the worlds first “digital dollar”. ## M ### Mainnet   ### Market Cap   ### Matrix (mathematics) A matrix is a rectangular array or table of numbers, symbols, or expressions, arranged in rows and columns, which is used to represent a mathematical object or a property of such an object. ### Mediator A portable Neuron role that enforces Byzantine Fault Tolerance within Hives ### Merkle Tree In cryptography and computer science, a hash tree or Merkle tree is a tree in which every "leaf" (node) is labeled with the cryptographic hash of a data block, and every node that is not a leaf (called a branch, inner node, or inode) is labeled with the cryptographic hash of the labels of its child nodes ### Minted (assets) The creation of digital assets, in which properties of the data object are established and permanently recorded to a Fractal. ### Money The assets, property, and/or resources owned by someone or something that serves as a mutually agreed-upon holder of value. A medium to hold and transfer value. ## N ### N (in reverse) Designator for an unknown number or quantity in Fractal ### Neural Compute Index A multi-part value used to quantify the effectiveness of neurons, so they can be most efficiently grouped into Neural Compute Units (hives) ### Neural Compute Rate The rate at which hashing, scaffolding, and fusing are being executed. The value is evaluated per Neuron, per Second (xxNC/s) ### Neural Compute Unit A Hive ### Neural Network A Neural Network is a computer system modeled after the human brain and nervous system, comprised of Neurons ### Neuron An individual compute entity within Fractal (computation unit) ### Neuron Fingerprint The cryptographically secure digital signing provided by a Neuron to validate authenticity ### NFT Non-Fungible Token, as used in the financial sector ### nmu Nebula Mass Unit ### Node Not applicable to Fractal-based architecture. A point at which lines or pathways intersect or branch; a central connecting point. A redistribution point. ### Non-Fungible Token A non-fungible token (NFT) is a unique digital identifier that is recorded in a cryptographically secured transaction, and is used to certify ownership and authenticity. Typically associated with finite digital assets, such as music, pictures and art. ### NUID Network Unique Identifier. It's similar to the concept of a universal username which exists across all networks ## O ### Observer (neuron)   ### Octacube Cipher The resulting 512-byte, Base256 hash from Vertisan’s proprietary 4096-bit Vecton encryption algorithm. An Octacube Cipher uses a combination of light, color and time to establish a cryptographically unique identifier. The API has the ability to present similar to a QR code to end users for backwards compatibility. ### Options Contract Similar to the stock market, Fractal Markets will provide Options Ring Contract architecture for the trading of tokenized equities and digital assets. However, to prevent malicious short selling, dilution, failure to deliver, and other forms of fraud common in the stock market, these assets will be held in escrow while under contract. The “liquidity pool” is established by willing sellers' digital assets held in escrow, similar to stock lending. Options buyers will have all the common Greeks, and pay a premium for the right to execute those options within the ring contract. Ring contract options are established by actual assets available. ## P ### P2P Peer-to-peer ### Paper Wallet A Paper Wallet is a cold storage method for storing public and private keys for cryptocurrency transactions ### Parallelism   ### Particle See Vertisan Particle ### Particle Dynamics Laws of physics as implemented by Particles ### Partitioning Datastore partitioning (partitioning) refers to splitting data objects used by a system into separate pieces, or partitions, that allow one large object to be handled as multiple smaller objects. These partitions can then be stored, accessed, and managed separately. ### peer-to-peer Representing a transaction that has two parties and no intermediaries ### Pegged See Timestamp Pegged ### Persona   ### Plug-in An accessory software program that extends the capabilities of an existing application or system. Fractal supports plug-ins for the neural network, Vecton encryption, Cryptocase capabilities, consensus protocols, routing protocols, and edge workers. ### Plug-in Architecture Fractal will accept accessory software upgrades (plug-ins) to remain the state-of-the-art against all future instances of quantum computing, AI, and cryptography algorithms. (100 year architecture) ### PoA Proof of Authority consensus mechanism ### POP Private Over Public network classification used by Fractal ### Populating (Particle) Particle construction step 3: The processing and inclusion of the Particle's payload ### Portable NFT (VFN-PNFT-22) A Fractal-generated portable NFT digital asset that can be decoupled from a Fractal network and securely stored offline. The current standard that defines a Portable NFT is VFN-PNFT-22. ### Postcedent One that comes after ### PoW Proof of Work consensus mechanism used by Bitcoin's Blockchain ### PPE Particle Persistence Engine ### Provenance The ability to trace the history of an asset back to its inception ### Proxy   ### Public Ledger   ### Pyramid Curse The tamper-proof countermeasures baked into cards running the VCOS, which result in seizure of assets and the permanent blacklisting of the nefarious individual(s). ## Q ### QP Query Processor ### QR Code Or “quick response code” is a two-dimensional barcode printed as a square pattern of black and white squares that encodes data, which is typically a URL. ### Quantum Consistency The distributed systems consistency model pioneered by James Vertisan that provides near real-time consistency of Vertisan Particles at hyper scale. ### Quantum Entanglement (Fractal)   ### Query Point A read-only neuron in Fractal that fulfills FraQL queries ### Query Procedure A query in FraQL that is compiled and executed against the Fractal Neural Network ### Query Receptor Neural node connection point that is authorized for the execution of queries against the Fractal Neural Network. See also Query Point. ### Quorum The minimum number of members of an assembly or society that must be present at any of its meetings to make the proceedings of that meeting valid. ## R ### Range Sharding See Sharding ### Raspberry Pi The Raspberry Pi is a low cost, credit-card sized computer that plugs into a computer monitor or TV, and uses a standard keyboard and mouse. The fanless, energy-efficient Raspberry Pi runs silently and uses far less power than other computers. ### RBAC See Role Based Access Control ### RBCC Role-Base Custodial Control ### Region   ### Regional Redundancy   ### Rehash   ### Rekey   ### Relativity See General Relativity ### Reputation Score   ### Ring Contract Fractal's contract standardization of peer-to-peer and multi-peer-to-peer transactions ### Roka The AI entity living within Nebula that monitors for abnormalities ### Role Based Access Control See RBAC ### RTC Real Time Clock ### RTMP Real Time Messaging Protocol ### RTP Real Time Protocol ## S ### SAL Storage Access Layer ### Sandbox An isolated environment used for prototyping and proof-of-concept work ### Scaffolding (Particle) Particle construction step 1: The initial provisioning of a Particle's dodecahedron ### Schema   ### SE Storage Engine ### Segment (Fractal)   ### Self-Organizing   ### Self-Similarity   ### Set Theory The branch of mathematics which deals with the formal properties of sets as units ### Sharding   ### Signing Key The cryptographically secure public/private key pair that is used to digitally sign a transaction for processing by Fractal ### Sovereign Entity Protocol Similar to blockchain's popular DAO legal entity, having no central ownership or governing authority, Fractal is based on what will be known henceforth as a Sovereign Entity Protocol. Beholden to no one, with rules set in the ring contract by its creator, Fractal is a sovereign entity and impervious to governments, hostile takeover by voters (DAO) and other organized attack. In essence, Fractal simply is a distributed neural network that exists in the Internet. ### SSO Single Sign On ### SUDSLE Entity A Sovereign Universally Decentralized Semiautonomous Logical Entity. See [https://sudsle.org](https://sudsle.org) ### Synapse Communication protocols between Neurons ### Sync Operation   ## T ### TCP Transmission Control Protocol ### Tensor Calculus Tensor Calculus, or Ricci calculus, is an extension of vector calculus to tensor fields (tensors that may vary over a manifold in spacetime) ### Testnet   ### Tethered A mechanism that ensures the value or state of one item is permanently connected to the value or state of another item, as to typically form a 1:1 relationship. ### Timestamp Pegged Using a particular point in time as the baseline establishment of value. For example, the value of one dmu (Dark Matter Unit) was timestamp pegged to the value of 1 US Dollar as of January 1, 2024. The value of a dmu is unaffected by inflation, but the US Dollar experiences inflation, so a timestamp baseline was set for an equivalent value. The value of a dmu and the value of the US Dollars follow their own separate trajectories after that Timestamp Peg. ### Total Supply   ### Transaction An operation that changes the state of data within a Fractal ### Transaction Identifier (UUID) A 40-character BiHex universally unique identifier with guaranteed anti-collision properties, which also supports universal transactions across Fractals. An example is {vfnvsrqrg5ystrxphfdhg7b0aqxgvk0jqp06ytsp} ### Transaction Rendering The process of executing the VeNNeM protocol, building particles, and updating a Fractal with the successful results of a transaction request. ### Traversal Agent A worker agent that runs on edge computing devices, which is tasked with various read-only operations ### Triadic Synthesis   ### Truncated Rhombus Dodecahedron A regular polygon with 12 hexagonal surfaces and 6 square surfaces ## U ### Unobtanium   ### Uptime The amount of time that has elapsed since a service or process has started ### USDTF The network symbol for the USDT by Fractal stable coin classification ### UUID A Universal Unique Identifier. The UUID construct was created by James Vertisan to provide an identifier that has a 0.000% chance of collision, while also providing the capability for universal transactions. ## V ### Validator A Neuron in Fractal that has the role of validating transactions for authenticity, syntactical correctness, and resulting values ### VCC The network symbol for Vertisan Crypto Coin (defunct v0 construct) ### VCDG The network symbol for the Vertisan Gold digital asset classification ### VCOS The proprietary Vertisan Smart Card Operating System used on CR80 cards that are part of the Vertisan DeFi ecosystem ### VDEU The network symbol for the Vertisan Dark Energy Unit cryptocurrency classification ### VDMU The network symbol for the Vertisan Dark Matter Unit digital asset classification ### Vecton Vertisan's multi-layer encryption implementation ### VeNNeM Vertisan's consensus protocol used by Fractal ### Vertex The point at which the sides of an angle intersect ### Vertisan Card   ### Vertisan Coin See VCC ### Vertisan Gold See VCDG ### Vertisan Particle A data persistence entity that preserves and protects its payload in perpetuity. Particles are the fundamental building blocks of Fractal. ### VFN-B34 Standard Vertisan Fractal Base34 character set {0123456789abcdefghijkmnpqrstuvwxyz} ### VFN-B58 Standard Vertisan Fractal Base58 character set {0123456789abcdefghijkmnpqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTUVWXYZ} ### VFN Vertisan Fractal Network ### VFN-BRC22 Standard The technical coding standard that defines the interface, contract, and properties of a Fractal Base Ring Contract ### VFN-C22 Standard The technical coding standard that defines the interface, contract, and properties of a Fractal-compliant Cryptocase ### VFN-CP22 Standard The technical coding standard that defines the interface, contract, and properties of a Cryptocase Plug-in ### VFN-DA22 Standard The technical coding standard that defines the interface, contract, and properties of a Fractal-based digital asset ### VFN-FT22 Standard The technical coding standard that defines the interface, contract, and properties of a Fractal-based fungible token ### VFN-FTM22 Standard The technical coding standard that defines the interface, contract, and properties of a Fractal-based fungible token specifically for digital money ### VFN-NFDT22 Standard Non fungible digital token ### VFN-NFST22 Standard Non Fungible Securities Token ### VFN-NFT22 Standard Standardized non fungible token ### VFN-NFTAT22 Standard Non fungible tangible asset token ### VFN-NP22 Standard Fractal network plug-in ### VFN-PNFT-22 Standard The technical coding standard that defines the interface, contract, and properties of a Fractal-based Portable NFT ### VFN-TA22 Standard Traversal agent ### VFN-TE22 Standard Fractal-based Tokenized Equity ### VFN-TVR22 Standard Fractal-based voting rights associated with tokenized equity entities ### VVE-P22 Standard Vecton Encryption Plug-in ### VGC The network symbol for the Vertisan Game Coin tethered cryptocurrency classification ### VNC Vertisan Nebula Coin ### VRTSN The network symbol for the Vertisan DeFi tokenized equity digital asset classification ## W ### Wallet (cryptocurrency) An application, device, physical medium, program, or service that stores the public and/or the private keys for cryptocurrency transactions. NOTE: Fractal uses and implements Cryptocases, not wallets. ### Whitelist A pre-approved list of entities ### Whitepaper A technical document intended to define and demonstrate a technology concept or implementation. ### WORD A 5-bit BiHex (Base32) value ##### Relevant Tags > #glossary #lexicon #vfn-glossary #vfn-lexicon