# Card Security Features ## Level 1 Overt Features (L1) #### Card CPU Chip #### Serial Numbers #### Fine Line Guilloché Ornamental Patterns Fine line guilloche patterns, common in banknotes, comprise a series of high resolution lines, curves, rosettes, or a combination of these elements generated by highly sophisticated software. Each element can be assigned a predetermined color shift, creating the illusion of synchronous animation. Such designs are impossible to replicate without the original software. #### Security Glyphs #### Laser Engraving #### Prismatic Coloration #### Simulated Watermark #### Latent Effect #### See-Through Window #### Hologram Overlays #### Laser Pseudo Negative Brail #### Colored Substrate Core ## Level 2 Covert Features (L2) #### Microprinting #### Ultraviolet Dyes #### Optically Variable Ink (color shifting) #### Nanoprinting #### Animated CLR Multiple images are slightly and sequentially rotated, giving the appearance of animation when holding an ID document stationary and moving a laser across the CLR. #### Single Axis CLR Covert Laser Retrievable (CLR) images and characters, which are invisible to the human eye, can be viewed only by illuminating the coded area with a laser device and looking at the refracted light projected onto a screen made of paper held at right angles to the hologram; or with a special, hand-held laser reader with an integral screen. #### Dual Axis CLR While similar to the Single Axis CLR, the Dual Axis CLR projects two different images at 90o angles from one another. Because it’s more complex and difficult to create than the Single Axis CLR, the Dual Axis CLR is considered more secure. #### Laser Microtext ## Level 3 Forensic Features (L3) Discernable only with complex laboratory equipment, forensic features require a high level of skill and expertise to authenticate. They are the ultimate tool for identifying counterfeit cards. Both Vertisan and central banks are additionally using *Level 3 features* (L3) which are kept completely secret. They are necessary to maintain the integrity of cash in circulation and isolate professional counterfeiting. Examples of L3 features that may be included in the manufacturing process of Vertisan Smart Cards are as follows: #### Nano Imagery Nano imagery provides excellent clarity and definition when viewed under a highly sophisticated, high-powered microscope. #### Nano Text Viewable only through a high-powered microscope, 40 to 175 micron nano text can be diffractive or non-diffractive. #### Proprietary Polycarbonate Substrate #### Nano Line Width Modulation (LWM) Various image and text effects can be created by mathematically manipulating line width, length, and height. #### E-IPI (Encrypted Invisible Personal Information) #### Hologram Foils #### Phosphorescent Dyes [Phosphorescence - Wikipedia](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorescence) may accompany fluorescence and shows an after-glow when the UV light is switched off. #### Anti-Copying Constellations [EURion constellation - Wikipedia](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/EURion_constellation) #### Radio Frequency Identification Implants (RFID) [Radio-frequency identification - Wikipedia](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/RFID) #### M-Feature [Giesecke+Devrient - Wikipedia](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giesecke%2BDevrient) #### LetterScreen Ghost Features ## Digital False-Positive Testing #### Online Testing #### Offline Testing ## References [EUIPO Anti-Counterfeiting Technology Guide](https://euipo.europa.eu/ohimportal/en/web/observatory/news/-/action/view/8550135) [Security features: Europa series €100 banknote](https://www.ecb.europa.eu/euro/banknotes/security/html/index.en.html#feel) [Digital Document Security](https://www.hwsands.com/files/SI_03%20Version-1.pdf) ### See Also [Security printing - Wikipedia](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security_printing) [Tamper-evident technology - Wikipedia](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamper-evident_technology#Credit_cards,_money,_stamps,_coupons) [Banknote processing - Wikipedia](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banknote_processing) ##### Relevant Tags > #vcos